Fath-Ali Shah Qajar, the second king of the dynasty, ordered the construction of the courtyard in the early 19th century, and it was completed by his successors in the early 20th century.
The courtyard is a masterpiece of Islamic architecture and calligraphy, featuring various styles and scripts of Persian and Arabic inscriptions.
Below are some photos from a book that has collected Azadi Courtyard inscriptions, published by the Institute of Artistic Creations of the Imam Reza Shrine.